A former fighter with the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) told the International Criminal Court (ICC) that young new abductees were often ordered to kill people who attempted to escape the group to instill fear in the younger recruits.

Witness P-314 testified about how newly abducted boys and girls were treated in the LRA and other issues when the trial of former LRA commander Dominic Ongwen resumed on Monday after a break of 20 days.

He is a dual status witness, which means he is also registered as a victim in this trial. Witness P-314 is part of the group of victims represented by the ICC’s Office of Public Counsel for Victims (OPCV).

The witness recounted on Monday how he was abducted by the LRA in 2002 and the training he received. On Tuesday, he told the court about what happened during an attack on a camp for internally displaced people (IDP) in Odek and a military barracks near the camp. He also told the court how being in the LRA has affected him since he left the group in 2004.

Ongwen faces several charges for his alleged role in the April 2003 attack on Odek, which is in northern Uganda. He also faces two charges for conscripting child soldiers. Other charges against Ongwen include his alleged role in attacks on three other IDP camps in northern Uganda: Pajule, Abok, and Lukodi. The attacks took place between 2003 and 2004. In total Ongwen is charged with 70 counts of war crimes and crimes against humanity.

Today there are no IDP camps in northern Uganda where the LRA used to be active because the group ceased its attacks there in 2006.

Abduction into the LRA

On Monday, Witness P-314 told the court that some of the people who were abducted were adults, and they were used to carry items that were looted from villages or camps.

“Because most of the people who were older, some of them would try to escape, and if they are caught, they would be killed,” said the witness.

Trial lawyer Adesola Adeboyejo asked him who was usually ordered to kill those who had tried to escape.

“They would select the newly abducted people,” the witness replied, explaining this was to show “that if you also escape, your friends would kill you. That was a way of instilling fear.”

Adeboyejo asked him what age would be the abductees who were ordered to kill those who tried to escape.

“Most of them were probably 16, 15, 14, 13, around that age,” said Witness P-314.

“Who would give the order for these abductees to be killed?” asked Adeboyejo.

“The order would come from the superior officer,” the witness said. “In our case, our superior officer was Ongwen.”

Earlier on Monday the witness explained that he was abducted in September 2002 by a unit from the LRA’s Sinia brigade in which Ongwen was a commander. Witness P-314 said he was then assigned as an escort to one of the radio operators in the brigade known as Otto Signaller. He said he remained with Otto until he escaped from the LRA in 2004.

Witness P-314 said that his main tasks were to carry the solar panels that powered the radio that Otto operated. He said he also carried batteries for the radio and Otto’s chair.

The witness is testifying under in-court protective measures that include his face being distorted from any public broadcasts of the hearing. Where his testimony may identify him, the hearing will go into private session so that his identity may not be revealed in public. This happened a few times on Monday and Tuesday.

On Monday, the witness said he received training about a month or two after his abduction. He said he was trained with other boys who were about his age, 14 or 15 years old. He said they were taught to address their seniors “lapwony,” which is Acholi for teacher. He said they were also taught how to march, clean a gun, assemble it, and fire it.

Witness P-314 told the court he was given an AK 47 about six months after he was abducted.

“We were given the guns, and we were told that this is our mother, our father. Our life depended on the gun. So, if we lose it that it is the end of us,” he said.

Attack on Odek

On Tuesday, Witness P-314 described to the court how the LRA ambushed government soldiers in their attack on Odek. He said he was part of a group of about 30 LRA fighters led by a man called Opiyo who were deployed to attack the military barracks in Odek as a separate group went to the IDP camp to loot food.

The witness said they walked to the barracks led by an LRA scout called Owiny who the witness said was about 18 or 19 years old. He said before the attack, Owiny had been sent ahead to locate the barracks and report back to where the LRA units selected for the attack were based.

Witness P-314 said that when they got close to Odek, Opiyo ordered them to form a straight line on either side of him. He said they walked in this formation towards the barracks, sometimes rolling on the ground. When they got close to the barracks, Witness P-314 said, they started shooting their guns. He said the soldiers were caught off-guard, and they ran away. He said the gunfight lasted for five to 10 minutes before they were ordered to retreat. Before they retreated, the witness said he entered a house and found a pouch with gun magazines on the ground, and he took it.

The other group of LRA fighters that went to the IDP camp “found there were many soldiers, so they didn’t loot a lot of food. They had to retreat,” said Witness P-314.

He said that group still managed to loot salt, beans, flour, cooking oil, and soap from the IDP camp. He said that group also abducted between 20 to 30 people from the camp, girls, boys, men, and women.

The witness said that as they retreated they were followed by a Ugandan military helicopter gunship, and they had to hide as they ran away from Odek to evade the helicopter.

Later, Megan Hirst, a lawyer representing one of the group of victims in the trial of Ongwen, asked Witness P-314 about the ammunition he was given for his gun. He said for the attack on Odek he was issued with eight bullets. Hirst asked him whether he had had any target practice. He said he had never had target practice.

“If you shot your gun they [government soldiers] would know your position,” the witness told the court to explain why the LRA did not have target practice sessions for its fighters.

“Did you feel well prepared to defend yourself?” asked Hirst.

“I was not ready to protect myself because I had never fired a gun. I had never shot someone,” replied Witness P-314.

Life in the LRA

Before Hirst questioned Witness P-314, Paolina Massidda of the OPCV asked the witness about his life in the LRA and after. Massidda asked him how his life changed when the LRA abducted him.

“When I was abducted, well, my life was completely shattered. Everything was done on order. You do not do anything of your volition. I had never gone through such an experience,” said the witness.

He then told the court about the day he forgot he was not at home and started whistling as he was doing his tasks.

“They beat me and asked me why I was whistling. I didn’t know I was not supposed to do that,” Witness P-314 said.

Massidda asked him whether he sustained any injuries while with the LRA. Witness P-314 said he was injured one day when government soldiers attacked the position they had camped at.

“There was a bomb explosion in front of me, and the splinters hit my leg. I fell down, got up, and collected my things,” he said. Witness P-314 told the court he did not immediately realize he had been injured until he felt a liquid in one of his boots.

“I poured the blood down [on the ground]. My colleagues saw that I was pouring the blood down,” and they took the things he was carrying, the witness said.

Witness P-314 said the treatment he received for the injury was others boiling water and cleaning the wound and applying shea butter on it. He said this went on for two months until his wound healed. He said after he escaped he did not receive any further medical attention either from the Ugandan military, who were the first to receive him, or World Vision, with whom he stayed for two to three months before returning to his family.

He said now when he looks at the scars, “it reminds me of my dark past. Sometimes the side of the leg gets numb. Sometimes it starts aching when it gets cold. That happens rarely.”

Witness P-314 will continue testifying on Wednesday when Ongwen’s lawyer will continue cross-examining him.